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OUR
TREATMENT METHODS. |
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SPACE SPRAYING (For the
control of flying insect pests) |
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Space sprays provide a
potent method for killing adult insects which exhibit a
daily period of natural flight activity. Very high
levels of insect population are easily and rapidly
achieved by this method. |
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Target insects |
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Space spray methods are especially effective for
control of urban flies and mosquitoes, and can
also be used against stable flies, cluster
flies, horseflies, midges, sewage flies, stored
products moths, tobacco beetles, etc |
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In enclosed
environments, space sprays may also be used for
the ‘clean up’ of large crawling insects such as
cockroaches. |
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Space
sprays are generated in the form of an aerosol of
insecticide droplets by space spray generator. The
aerosol droplets form a discrete swathe of
insecticide fog or mist which passes on air
currents through the area to be treated,
contacting insects as they fly. |
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Size of droplets is critical, since if they are
too large they will fall rapidly to the ground and
pick-up by the target insect is much reduced.
Similarly, droplets which are too small will not
penetrate the minute aerodynamic air currents
surrounding a flying insect, and are consequently
not picked up. |
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Introduction |
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The house fly,
musca domestica Linnaeus is a well known pest.
This species is always found in association with
humans or human activities. House fly is not only
a nuisance, but they can also transport diseases
causing organism. Excessive fly population is not
only an irritant but also a public health problem
could occur. |
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Egg |
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The white egg
about 1.2 mm in length, is laid singly but eggs
are piled in small groups. Each female fly
can lay up to 500 eggs in several
batches. |
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Larva |
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Early instars
larvae are 3 to 9 mm long, typical creamy
whitish in color, cylindrical
but tapering toward the head. |
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Pupa |
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The pupal
stage about 8 mm long, is passed in a pupal case
formed from the last larval skin which
varies in color from yellow, red, brown to black
as the pupa ages. The shape of the pupa is quite
different from the larva. |
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Adult |
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The house fly is 6 to 7 mm
long with the female usually larger than the
male. The female can be distinguished from the
male by relatively wide space between the
eyes. |
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Damage |
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Damage related with this
insect is the annoyance and the indirect damage
produced by the potential transmission of
pathogens (viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa
and nematodes) associated with this fly.
Pathogenic organisms are picked up by flies from
garbage, sewage and other sources of filth, and
then transferred on their mouthparts through
their vomitus, fesses and contaminated external
body parts to human. |
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Selective applications of
insecticides |
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We are in a
position to carry out the required treatment with
methodical and scientific way. We have thou
roughed the ecological factors relevant to the
control treatment. All insects including dry wood
termites. Powder post beetles and other wood
decaying insects. |
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We identified the
following infestation in the wooden pane lings and
ceilings of the Supreme Court Complex. |
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1. |
Powder post beetles (Wood
borer-Lyceum burners). |
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Dry wood termites (Dam wood
termites). |
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Wood decaying infection
(Fungus). |
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Powder post beetles cause extensive damage to wood
in the structure of building and to wood products
use in homes. |
The
larvae, or grubs, feed on the stretcher the
cellulose in wood. As they feed, they bore
irregular tunnels through the wood. Boring left in
the tunnels have the consistency of
powder. |
Powder-post beetles can be controlled by applying
an insecticide to the infested wood. How it
is applied dependence on the kind of beetles to be
controlled and on the extents and locations of the
infestation. In some circumstances a spray will
suffer in others fumigation is
necessary. | |
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The adult females
lay eggs on or in wood. The eggs hatch into
larvae, which develop as they tunnel the wood. The
tunneling continues throughout the larval stage,
which lasts for months or years, depending on the
kind of beetle. |
The full-grown
larvae transform to pupae, which become adult
beetle. |
The adults of many
kinds of powder post beetles bore circular holes
to the surface of the wood and emerge; others,
including the old house borer, emerge in early
summer. Mating and egg laying follow. |
The life cycle of
lyctus beetles varies form 3 months to 1 year,
depending on the species and on regional
differences in temperature, moisture, and
availability of wood of high food
value. |
The life cycle of
anobiid beetle is sometimes completed in about 1
year and sometimes in 2 years. |
The females lay
eggs on in wood that satisfied their egg-laying
requirements and the food requirements of the
larvae. These requirements differ among the
species. Hence different kinds of wood are
infested by different species of
beetles. |
Lyctus beetle
infest hardwoods. Cossonid weevils infests
softwoods. |
Some anobiids, bostrichids, and
cerambycids infest hardwoods, and some infests
softwoods. |
For some species
bark is an egg laying requirements; for other it
is not. |
Some anobiids infest
moist wood containing decay organisms, which
appear to aid development of the larvae. |
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Powder post beetles damage wood
by tunneling and by cutting surface holes. |
Tunneling is done
by the larvae of all kinds of powder post beetles,
and by adult bostrichids and cossonid weevils. The
larvae of anobiid beetles leave elongate pellets
of excreted wood in their tunnels. Other larvae
leave powder like borings. Severely damaged wood
becomes a crumbly mass of pallets or of borings,
and sometimes has a honeycombed
appearance. |
Since the insects
do most of their tunneling in sapwood, structural
damage is rare in large timbers. |
Surface holes mar
the appearance of wood. Those most commonly seen
are made by the adult beetles when they emerge
from the wood. Those made by many of the smaller
beetles are about 1/8 inch in diameter. They give
wood the appearance of having been hit by
buckshot, and are called shot holes. Large beetles
make holes ¼ to 3/8 inch in diameter. |
Emergence holes made by the old house borer are
oval. The lengthwise measurements
in about ¼ inch. |
The larvae of some
species, including the lyctus beetles, make holes
to the surface of the wood and expel boring
through them. The larvae of the old house borer
seldom pierce the surface; they pack their borings
behind them. |
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Aside from observing tunneled
wood, there several ways of detecting powder-post
beetle damage. |
You may see
surface holes, or borings that have been ejected
from them. The borings may be in piles near the
holes or, where timbers overhead are attacked,
they may be on the floor below. |
You must see adult beetles
crawling on the wood. |
In quite surroundings you
may hear a rasping or ticking sound that is made
by tunneling larvae. This is the best way to
detect larvae of the old house borer. Their
ticking is sometimes audible several feet from
where they are working by determining the source
of the sound and by probing the wood with a sharp
tool, you can locate the tunnels. A further aids
is to look for blistered wood. |
Sometimes the
larvae of cerambycid beetles can be heard working
beneath bark on green or partially seasoned wood.
They frequently are found in firewood. They
resemble the old house borer, but they have
different habits and do not infest seasoned wood.
When the adults emerge, they seek more green wood
to attack. If they cannot escape from the
building, they die in a few
days. |
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Dry wood termites on the
contrary are to live even in fairly dry wood and
without contact with ground. These frequently
construct nests with in the roof timber &
other part of houses, which they destroy if not
exterminated. |
Dry
wood termites are responsible for most of the
wooden damage in buildings with wooden panels
& ceilings. Dry wood termite activities cause
structural weakening damages to the
buildings. |
Dry wood termites in the contrary may
be recognized by their pellets of excreta.
None-subterranean termites excrete pellets of
partly digested wood. These may found in tunnels
or on the floor underneath the member, which they
have attacked. These termites may further be
noticed by blisters on wood surfaces due to their
forming chambers closed to the surface by cutting
away the wood & leaving only a thin film of
wood on the surface. Also the hollow sound on
tapping structural timber or will indicate their
destructive activity inside. |
Seasoned timber, which is
naturally durable in heartwood & treated to
withstand the attack of dry wood termites should
be used be in the building structures. |
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The best method to
control dry wood termites in timber & wooden
attachments is Fumigation. Fumigation of wooden
attachments in a building is very difficult task
in the island as there is no such facility due to
excessive cost. Residual spray treatment should be
carried out to control dry wood termite
infestation buildings with wooden attachments
& structures. |
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